loca: junio 2020

martes, 30 de junio de 2020

Top 9 Free Websites to Learn Hacking

Hakin9: E-magazine offering in-depth looks at both attack and defense techniques and concentrates on difficult technical issues.
Metasploit: Find security issues, verify vulnerability mitigations & manage security assessments with Metasploit. Get the worlds best penetration testing software now.
KitPloit: Leading source of Security Tools, Hacking Tools, CyberSecurity and Network Security.
Hacked Gadgets: A resource for DIY project documentation as well as general gadget and technology news.
The Hacker News: The Hacker News — most trusted and widely-acknowledged online cyber security news magazine with in-depth technical coverage for cybersecurity.
Phrack Magazine: Digital hacking magazine.
HackRead: HackRead is a News Platform that centers on InfoSec, Cyber Crime, Privacy, Surveillance, and Hacking News with full-scale reviews on Social Media Platforms.
Exploit DB: An archive of exploits and vulnerable software by Offensive Security. The site collects exploits from submissions and mailing lists and concentrates them in a single database.
Packet Storm: Information Security Services, News, Files, Tools, Exploits, Advisories and Whitepapers.

jueves, 11 de junio de 2020

ShellShock Payload Sample Linux.Bashlet

Someone kindly shared their sample of the shellshock malware described by the Malware Must die group - you can read their analysis here:

MMD-0027-2014 - Linux ELF bash 0day (shellshock): The fun has only just begun...

Download

Download. Email me if you need the password

File Information

File: fu4k_2485040231A35B7A465361FAF92A512D
Size: 152
MD5: 2485040231A35B7A465361FAF92A512

VIrustotal

SHA256: e74b2ed6b8b005d6c2eea4c761a2565cde9aab81d5005ed86f45ebf5089add81
File name: trzA114.tmp
Detection ratio: 22 / 55
Analysis date: 2014-10-02 05:12:29 UTC ( 6 hours, 50 minutes ago )
Antivirus Result Update
Ad-Aware Linux.Backdoor.H 20141002
Avast ELF:Shellshock-A [Expl] 20141002
Avira Linux/Small.152.A 20141002
BitDefender Linux.Backdoor.H 20141002
DrWeb Linux.BackDoor.Shellshock.2 20141002
ESET-NOD32 Linux/Agent.AB 20141002
Emsisoft Linux.Backdoor.H (B) 20141002
F-Secure Linux.Backdoor.H 20141001
Fortinet Linux/Small.CU!tr 20141002
GData Linux.Backdoor.H 20141002
Ikarus Backdoor.Linux.Small 20141002
K7AntiVirus Trojan ( 0001140e1 ) 20141001
K7GW Trojan ( 0001140e1 ) 20141001
Kaspersky Backdoor.Linux.Small.cu 20141001
MicroWorld-eScan Linux.Backdoor.H 20141002
Qihoo-360 Trojan.Generic 20141002
Sophos Linux/Bdoor-BGG 20141002
Symantec Linux.Bashlet 20141002
Tencent Win32.Trojan.Gen.Vdat 20141002
TrendMicro ELF_BASHLET.A 20141002
TrendMicro-HouseCall ELF_BASHLET.A 20141002
nProtect Linux.Backdoor.H 20141001

Rastrea2R - Collecting & Hunting For IOCs With Gusto And Style

Ever wanted to turn your AV console into an Incident Response & Threat Hunting machine? Rastrea2r (pronounced "rastreador" - hunter- in Spanish) is a multi-platform open source tool that allows incident responders and SOC analysts to triage suspect systems and hunt for Indicators of Compromise (IOCs) across thousands of endpoints in minutes. To parse and collect artifacts of interest from remote systems (including memory dumps), rastrea2r can execute sysinternal, system commands and other 3rd party tools across multiples endpoints, saving the output to a centralized share for automated or manual analysis. By using a client/server RESTful API, rastrea2r can also hunt for IOCs on disk and memory across multiple systems using YARA rules. As a command line tool, rastrea2r can be easily integrated within McAfee ePO, as well as other AV consoles and orchestration tools, allowing incident responders and SOC analysts to collect forensic evidence and hunt for IOCs without the need for an additional agent, with 'gusto' and style!

Dependencies

Python 2.7.x
git
bottle
requests
yara-python

Quickstart

Clone the project to your local directory (or download the zip file of the project)

$git clone https://github.com/rastrea2r/rastrea2r.git
$cd rastrea2r

All the dependencies necessary for the tool to run can be installed within a virtual environment via the provided makefile.

$make help
help                           - display this makefile's help information
venv                           - create a virtual environment for development
clean                          - clean all files using .gitignore rules
scrub                          - clean all files, even untracked files
test                           - run tests
test-verbose                   - run tests [verbosely]
check-coverage                 - perform test coverage checks
check-style                    - perform pep8 check
fix-style                      - perform check with autopep8 fixes
docs                           - generate project documentation
check-docs                     - quick check docs consistency
serve-docs                     - serve project html documentation
dist                           - create a wheel distribution package
dist-test                      - test a wheel distribution package
dist-upload                    - upload a wheel distribution package

Create a virtual environment with all dependencies

$make venv
//Upon successful creation of the virtualenvironment, enter the virtualenvironment as instructed, for ex:
$source /Users/ssbhat/.venvs/rastrea2r/bin/activate

Start the rastrea2r server by going to $PROJECT_HOME/src/rastrea2r/server folder

$cd src/rastrea2r/server/
$python rastrea2r_server_v0.3.py
Bottle v0.12.13 server starting up (using WSGIRefServer())...
Listening on http://0.0.0.0:8080/

Now execute the client program, depending on which platform you are trying to scan choose the target python script appropriately. Currently Windows, Linux and Mac platforms are supported.

$python rastrea2r_osx_v0.3.py -h
usage: rastrea2r_osx_v0.3.py [-h] [-v] {yara-disk,yara-mem,triage} ...

Rastrea2r RESTful remote Yara/Triage tool for Incident Responders

positional arguments:  {yara-disk,yara-mem,triage}

modes of operation
 yara-disk           Yara scan for file/directory objects on disk
 yara-mem            Yara scan for running processes in memory
 triage              Collect triage information from endpoint

optional arguments:
 -h, --help            show this help message and exit
 -v, --version         show program's version number and exit


Further more, the available options under each command can be viewed by executing the help option. i,e

$python rastrea2r_osx_v0.3.py yara-disk -h
usage: rastrea2r_osx_v0.3.py yara-disk [-h] [-s] path server rule

positional arguments:
path          File or directory path to scan
server        rastrea2r REST server
rule          Yara rule on REST server

optional arguments:
-h, --help    show this help message and exit
-s, --silent  Suppresses standard output

For ex, on a Mac or Unix system you would do:

$cd src/rastrea2r/osx/

$python rastrea2r_osx_v0.3.py yara-disk /opt http://127.0.0.1:8080/ test.yar

Executing rastrea2r on Windows

Apart from the libraries specified in requirements.txt, we need to install the following libraries
- PSutil for win64: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil
- WMI for win32: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/WMI/
- Requests: pip install requests
Compiling rastrea2r
Make sure you have all the dependencies installed for the binary you are going to build on your Windows box. Then install:
- Pywin32: http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/files/ ** Windows only
- Pyinstaller: https://github.com/pyinstaller/pyinstaller/wiki

Currently Supported functionality

yara-disk: Yara scan for file/directory objects on disk
yara-mem: Yara scan for running processes in memory
memdump: Acquires a memory dump from the endpoint ** Windows only
triage: Collects triage information from the endpoint ** Windows only

Notes
For memdump and triage modules, SMB shares must be set up in this specific way:

Binaries (sysinternals, batch files and others) must be located in a shared folder called TOOLS (read only)

\path-to-share-foldertools
Output is sent to a shared folder called DATA (write only)

\path-to-share-folderdata
For yara-mem and yara-disk scans, the yara rules must be in the same directory where the server is executed from.
The RESTful API server stores data received in a file called results.txt in the same directory.

Contributing to rastrea2r project
The Developer Documentation provides complete information on how to contribute to rastrea2r project

Demo videos on Youtube

Video 1: Incident Response / Triage with rastrea2r on the command line - https://youtu.be/uFIZxqWeSyQ
Video 2: Remote Yara scans with rastrea2r on the command line - https://youtu.be/cnY1yEslirw
Video 3: Using rastrea2r with McAfee ePO - Client Tasks & Execution - https://youtu.be/jB17uLtu45Y

Presentations

rastrea2r at BlackHat Arsenal 2016 (check PDF for documentation on usage and examples) https://www.blackhat.com/us-16/arsenal.html#rastrea2r
https://github.com/aboutsecurity/Talks-and-Presentations/blob/master/Ismael_Valenzuela-Hunting_for_IOCs_rastrea2r-BH_Arsenal_2016.pdf
Recording of talk on rastrea2r at the SANS Threat Hunting Summit 2016
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PvBsL6KKfA&feature=youtu.be&a

Credits & References

To Robert Gresham Jr. (@rwgresham) and Ryan O'Connor (@_remixed) for their contributions to the Triage module. Thanks folks!
To Ricardo Dias for the idea of using a REST server and his great paper on how to use Python and Yara with McAfee ePO: http://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/forensics/intelligence-driven-incident-response-yara-35542

Download Rastrea2R

Related posts

How To Run Online Kali Linux Free And Any Devices

miércoles, 10 de junio de 2020

How To Download Torrents Files Directly To Your Android Device

uTorrent, one of the most popular BitTorrent clients, is now available for Android smartphones and tablets. Its use on mobile devices is very similar to its use in the PC. All you need is to search for torrents using the web browser on your mobile device, then uTorrent will download the files.

Procedure:

Download and install uTorrent on your smartphone or tablet
At the end of the installation click Open.
Look for the torrents of your choice, several free and legal resources are available:
http://www.legittorrents.info/
http://www.publicdomaintorrents.info/
http://www.legaltorrents.com/
In the list of results, click on the magnet shaped button that appears below the file you want to download
A window showing where the file will be saved in the memory card will open. Click on Add
Utorrent will start downloading the file
Once the download is complete press the Play button to open the file

Other softwares

Torrent Downloader
BitTorrent
Vuze

More information

CEH: Gathering Host And Network Information | Scanning

Scanning

It is important that the information-gathering stage be as complete as possible to identify the best location and targets to scan. After the completion of footprinting and information gathering methodologies, scanning is performed.
During scanning, the hacker has vision to get information about network an hosts which are connected to that network that can help hackers to determine which type of exploit to use in hacking a system precisely. Information such as an IP addresses, operating system, services, and installed applications.

Scanning is the methodology used to detect the system that are alive and respond on the network or not. Ethical hackers use these type of scanning to identify the IP address of target system. Scanning is also used to determine the availability of the system whether it is connected to the network or not.

Types Of Scanning

Network Scanning	Identifies IP addresses on a given network or subnet
Port Scanning	Determines open, close, filtered and unfiltered ports and services
Vulnerability Scanner	Detect the vulnerability on the target system

Port Scanning

Port scanning is the process of identifying open and available TCP/IP ports on a system. Port-scanning tools enable a hacker to learn about the services available on a given system. Each service or application on a machine is associated with a well-known port number. Port Numbers are divided into three ranges:

Well-Known Ports: 0-1023
Registered Ports: 1024-49151
Dynamic Ports: 49152-6553

Network Scanning

Network scanning is performed for the detection of active hosts on a network either you wanna attack them or as a network administrator. Network-scanning tools attempt to identify all the live or responding hosts on the network and their corresponding IP addresses. Hosts are identified by their individual IP addresses.

Vulnerability Scanning

This methodology is used to detect vulnerabilities of computer systems on a network. A vulnerability scanner typically identifies the operating system and version number, including applications that are installed. After that the scanner will try to detect vulnerabilities and weakness in the operating system. During the later attack phase, a hacker can exploit those weaknesses in order to gain access to the system. Moreover, the vulnerability scanner can be detected as well, because the scanner must interact over the network with target machine.

The CEH Scanning Methodology

As a CEH, you should understand the methodology about scanning presented in the figure below. Because this is the actual need of hackers to perform further attacks after the information about network and hosts which are connected to the network. It detects the vulnerabilities in the system bu which hackers can be accessible to that system by exploitation of that vulnerabilities.

Related links

SQL Injection Attacks And Defense | By Justin Clarke | Pdf Free

martes, 9 de junio de 2020

How To Start | How To Become An Ethical Hacker

Are you tired of reading endless news stories about ethical hacking and not really knowing what that means? Let's change that!

This Post is for the people that:

Have No Experience With Cybersecurity (Ethical Hacking)
Have Limited Experience.
Those That Just Can't Get A Break

OK, let's dive into the post and suggest some ways that you can get ahead in Cybersecurity.

I receive many messages on how to become a hacker. "I'm a beginner in hacking, how should I start?" or "I want to be able to hack my friend's Facebook account" are some of the more frequent queries. Hacking is a skill. And you must remember that if you want to learn hacking solely for the fun of hacking into your friend's Facebook account or email, things will not work out for you. You should decide to learn hacking because of your fascination for technology and your desire to be an expert in computer systems. Its time to change the color of your hat 😀

I've had my good share of Hats. Black, white or sometimes a blackish shade of grey. The darker it gets, the more fun you have.

If you have no experience don't worry. We ALL had to start somewhere, and we ALL needed help to get where we are today. No one is an island and no one is born with all the necessary skills. Period.OK, so you have zero experience and limited skills…my advice in this instance is that you teach yourself some absolute fundamentals.

Let's get this party started.

What is hacking?

Hacking is identifying weakness and vulnerabilities of some system and gaining access with it.

Hacker gets unauthorized access by targeting system while ethical hacker have an official permission in a lawful and legitimate manner to assess the security posture of a target system(s)

There's some types of hackers, a bit of "terminology".
White hat — ethical hacker.
Black hat — classical hacker, get unauthorized access.
Grey hat — person who gets unauthorized access but reveals the weaknesses to the company.
Script kiddie — person with no technical skills just used pre-made tools.
Hacktivist — person who hacks for some idea and leaves some messages. For example strike against copyright.

Skills required to become ethical hacker.

Curosity anf exploration
Operating System
Fundamentals of Networking

*Note this sites

Continue reading

lunes, 8 de junio de 2020

Evilginx2 - Install And Configure In Localhost Complete

Continue reading

Kali Linux VM Installation And Setup

Preface

From time to time I realize that certain tasks that are trivial for me are not necessarily easy for others, especially if they are just getting started with IT security stuff.

As I am going to be a Facilitator at SANS Munich 2015 on SEC 401, plus we have a few people at work who are just dipping their toe into the wonderful world of Kali Linux, it seemed like a good opportunity to make a short getting started / installation guide on the Kali VMWare VMs that you can download and quickly get started.

On top of that, when I check the statistics of the blog, I always see that the most popular posts are the detailed howtos and tutorials and I assume that it is because there is a need for this kind of posts too, so here it goes! :)

Step -1: Check in your BIOS/UEFI if virtualization is enabled

We are going to use virtualization, so it would be nice to enable it, right?

In BIOS/UEFI menus this is somewhere around "Security" and/or "Virtualization" and it is something like "Intel (R) Virtualization Technology" and "Intel (R) VT-d Feature" that needs to be set to "Enabled".

Step 0: Install VMWare Player or VMWare Workstation

The Kali Linux VMs are VMWare-based, so you need to install VMWare Player (free), VMWare Workstation (paid) or VMWare Fusion (paid, for OS-X).

The more desirable choice is to use VMWare Workstation or VMWare Fusion, as they have a Snapshot feature, while with VMWare Player, you are forced to take a full copy in order to have a sort of rollback feature.

Step 1: Download Kali VM

We need to download the Kali VMs from the "Custom Kali Images" download site, where you can find a 64 bit (amd64) and a 32 bit PAE (i686) too.

There are also Torrent files for the images and based on experience, using Torrent is much more faster and reliable than the HTTP download, so if you can, use that!

Once you have downloaded the VMs, do not forget to check their SHA1 hash!!! On Linux, you can simply use the sha1sum command at a terminal. For Windows, you can use something like the MD5 & SHA Checksum Utility.

Step 2: Change Kali VM default root password

The Kali VM comes with a preset root password, which is "toor" (without the quotes), therefore, it has to be changed.

Here is how you do it:

root@kali:~# passwd
Enter new UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: password updated successfully

Step 3: Change Kali VM default SSH keys

The Kali VM also comes with SSH preinstalled, so we need to change the SSH keys to avoid SSH MiTM attacks.

Here is how you do it:

root@kali:~# cd /etc/ssh/
root@kali:/etc/ssh# mkdir default_kali_keys
root@kali:/etc/ssh# mv ssh_host_* default_kali_keys/
root@kali:/etc/ssh# dpkg-reconfigure openssh-server
Creating SSH2 RSA key; this may take some time ...
Creating SSH2 DSA key; this may take some time ...
Creating SSH2 ECDSA key; this may take some time ...
insserv: warning: current start runlevel(s) (empty) of script `ssh' overrides LSB defaults (2 3 4 5).
insserv: warning: current stop runlevel(s) (2 3 4 5) of script `ssh' overrides LSB defaults (empty).

Now we can check if the keys are really changed:

root@kali:/etc/ssh# md5sum /etc/ssh/*key*
md5sum: /etc/ssh/default_kali_keys: Is a directory
6abe210732068fa7ca95854c3078dba5  /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
1b5f3c1a1b5c48cc3cce31b116e8b6f8  /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
8f0f60855e5ab8cac8103d64faab090f  /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
aace49ae9236815c9a1672f8ecb2b1e2  /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub
cf861a9f743fb4584ab246024465ddf1  /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
d5d65d8ad023a6cb1418ae05007bc6d3  /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
root@kali:/etc/ssh# md5sum /etc/ssh/default_kali_keys/*key*
c8d5b82320a4ddde59d0e2b6d9aad42a  /etc/ssh/default_kali_keys/ssh_host_dsa_key
6b12ddecd463677cde8097e23d0f219a  /etc/ssh/default_kali_keys/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
fecf056571a3dfbf3635fc2c50bf23c5  /etc/ssh/default_kali_keys/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
e44b7c50635de42e89b3297414f5047d  /etc/ssh/default_kali_keys/ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub
e9e0267484e020878e00a9360b77d845  /etc/ssh/default_kali_keys/ssh_host_rsa_key
ceee93d7bbc9f9b9706e18f23d4e81f1  /etc/ssh/default_kali_keys/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub

See http://www.blackmoreops.com/2014/06/19/kali-linux-remote-ssh/ for more info on this.

Step 4: Update Kali VM

Next you need to update your Kali VM so that everything is patched.

Here is how you do it:

root@kali:~# apt-get update
Get 1 http://http.kali.org kali Release.gpg [836 B]               
Get:2 http://security.kali.org kali/updates Release.gpg [836 B]
********************************* SNIP *********************************
Fetched 16.7 MB in 14s (1,190 kB/s)                                                                                                                                                    
Reading package lists... Done
root@kali:~# apt-get upgrade
eading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
********************************* SNIP *********************************
The following packages will be upgraded:
********************************* SNIP *********************************
241 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 16 not upgraded.
Need to get 740 MB of archives.
After this operation, 130 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y
Get:1 http://security.kali.org/kali-security/ kali/updates/main libc6-i386 amd64 2.13-38+deb7u7 [4,044 kB]
Get:2 http://http.kali.org/kali/ kali/main base-files amd64 1:1.1.0 [77.5 kB]       
********************************* SNIP *********************************
root@kali:~#

Step 5: Create a Snapshot/Copy the VM

Once you are done with all the above, you can make a Snapshot in case of VMWare Workstation or copy the files of the VM in case of VMWare Player, so that you can roll back to this clean stat in case you misconfigure something.

Hope this was helpful. Happy hacking!

Continue reading

domingo, 7 de junio de 2020

$$$ Bug Bounty $$$

What is Bug Bounty ?

A bug bounty program, also called a vulnerability rewards program (VRP), is a crowdsourcing initiative that rewards individuals for discovering and reporting software bugs. Bug bounty programs are often initiated to supplement internal code audits and penetration tests as part of an organization's vulnerability management strategy.

Many software vendors and websites run bug bounty programs, paying out cash rewards to software security researchers and white hat hackers who report software vulnerabilities that have the potential to be exploited. Bug reports must document enough information for for the organization offering the bounty to be able to reproduce the vulnerability. Typically, payment amounts are commensurate with the size of the organization, the difficulty in hacking the system and how much impact on users a bug might have.

Mozilla paid out a $3,000 flat rate bounty for bugs that fit its criteria, while Facebook has given out as much as $20,000 for a single bug report. Google paid Chrome operating system bug reporters a combined $700,000 in 2012 and Microsoft paid UK researcher James Forshaw $100,000 for an attack vulnerability in Windows 8.1. In 2016, Apple announced rewards that max out at $200,000 for a flaw in the iOS secure boot firmware components and up to $50,000 for execution of arbitrary code with kernel privileges or unauthorized iCloud access.

While the use of ethical hackers to find bugs can be very effective, such programs can also be controversial. To limit potential risk, some organizations are offering closed bug bounty programs that require an invitation. Apple, for example, has limited bug bounty participation to few dozen researchers.

ANNOUNCEMENT: Submitters Of Papers And Training For Global AppSec DC 2019 (Formerly AppSec USA)

We had an overwhelming turnout out of submissions for Call for Papers and Call for Training for the OWASP Global AppSec DC 2019 (formerly AppSec USA) We want to give each submission the time deserved to evaluate each before choosing. Keeping that in mind the notifications of acceptance and thanks will be CHANGED to July 1, 2019. We appreciate your understanding and patience in this matter.

https://dc.globalappsec.org/

Linux Command Line Hackery Series: Part 1

In this concise article we will learn some basics of how to use Linux Command line, so lets get started.

Requirements:

1. An open Terminal in your Linux Box. I'm using Kali Linux 2.0
or you can check out this amazing website Webminal

Command: ls
Syntax:    ls [flag(s)]
Function: ls is short for list. ls command is used to list the contents of a directory these contents include files, folders, and links. ls has many optional flags as well, some of them are described below
Flags: -a this flag is used to view hidden files that is those files whose names are preceded   by a '.'(dot)
-l this flag is used to view file permissions, owner of the file, group of the owner, the file size, the modification date, and the filename. We'll talk more about it in later articles.

Command: mkdir
Syntax:   mkdir dirname
Function: mkdir is used to create a directory (or a folder) with the name which is followed by the command

now lets create a directory in our current directory named as myfiles, how would you do that?

mkdir myfiles

which command should we use in order to verify that the directory has been created in our current folder?

ls

this will list all the files and directories in our current folder. Do you see myfiles directory listed?

Command: cd
Syntax:   cd path/to/directory
Function: cd is short for change directory. It is used to navigate directories, or to make it clear it does the same thing as what double clicking on a folder do except it doesn't show you contents of the directory :(. In order to navigate or visit another directory we need to provide it's ABSOLUTE-PATH or RELATIVE-PATH you heard that, didn't ya?

Paths are of two types relative path or absolute path (also called full-path). Relative as the name suggests is relative to the current directory, so if you have to navigate to a folder within the current directory you'll just simply type cd directory_name. But what if you have to navigate to a directory which is the parent of current directory? Well it's easy just type cd .. (yes double dots, you noticed that .. and . thing when you typed ls -a, didn't you?). The double dots mean the directory above current directory (i,e the parent directory) and a single dot means the current directory (i,e the directory that I'm currently in). Now if you have to navigate two directories above current directory using relative path navigation you'll type

cd ../..

here .. means previous directory and another .. after slash (/) means the previous directory of the previous directory sounds confusing..!

The Absolute Path means full path to the file or folder which starts from root directory. Say I want to navigate to my home folder using absolute path, then I'll type:

cd /home/user

where user is the username
Now think of navigating to the myfiles folder from your home directory using the absolute path, it will be something like this:

cd /home/user/myfiles

Exercise: Create a directory project1 inside your home directory and inside the project1 directory create a file and a directory named index.html and css respectively. Then navigate to the css directory and create a style.css file inside it. At last navigate out of the css directory to home both using the relative and absolute path mechanisms.

[Trick: To get quickly out of any directory to your home directory type cd ~ [press Enter] or simply cd [press Enter]]

Command: touch
Syntax: touch filename
Function: touch is a nifty little function used to create an empty file (actually it's used to change access time of a file but everyone has got bad habits :P ). You can create any type of empty file with the touch command. If you are a bit curious about touch read the manual page of the touch command using the man touch command.

Now lets create a few files inside of our myfiles directory

touch file1 file2 file3

The above command creates three empty files in our current directory named file1, file2, and file3.
How will you verify that it has indeed created these three files in your current directory? I won't answer this time.

Command: echo
Syntax: echo Hacker manufacturing under process
Function: echo is used to display a line of text. By default echo displays a line of text on the terminal which is the standard output device (stdout for short). However we can redirect the output of an echo command to a file using > (the greater than symbol).
Now if we have to echo a line of text to a file, say file1 in our myfiles directory, we will type:

echo This is file1 > file1

The above command will echo the text "This is file1" to file1.

Command: cat
Syntax: cat filename [anotherfilename...]
Function: cat stands for concatenate (not that puny little creature in your house). The main function of cat is to concatenate files and display them on your terminal (or in geeky terms stdout). But its also used to display the contents of a file on your terminal.

Let's display the contents of file1 in the myfiles directory that we echoed to it using the echo command, for that we'll type:

cat file1

Awesome I can see on black screen contents of my file (what if your terminals background is white?), looks like I'm becoming a hacker. In case you don't see it then I suggest you should give up the thought of becoming a hacker. Just kidding you might have missed a step or two from the above steps that we performed.

Now lets say that we want to add another line of text to our file using the echo command should we use the same greater than (>) symbol? No, if we want to add another line (which in geeky terms is to append a line) to our file using the echo command we have to use >> (two greater than symbols) like this:

echo Another line of text >> file1

now to check the contents of file1 we'll type:

cat file1

OK we wrote two lines inside of the file1.
Does it mean we have to add three greater than symbols to write third line? Oh! I didn't thought you'd be such a genius.

A single greater than symbol (>) means redirect the output of the preceding command to a file specified after the > symbol. If the file exists then overwrite everything that's in it with the new contents and if the file does not exist then create one and write to it the output of the preceding command. So if you had typed

echo Another line of text > file1

it would have overwritten the contents of the file1 with "Another line of text" and the line "This is file1" would no longer be present in the file.

Two greater than symbols (>>) mean that append (remember the geeky term?) the output of the previous command to the end of file specified after >>. Now if you want to add another line of text to file1, you won't use >>> rather you'll use >> like this:

echo Third line in file1 >> file1

This is it for today. But don't worry we'll learn more things soon.

martes, 30 de junio de 2020

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Preface

Step -1: Check in your BIOS/UEFI if virtualization is enabled

Step 0: Install VMWare Player or VMWare Workstation

Step 1: Download Kali VM

Step 2: Change Kali VM default root password

Step 3: Change Kali VM default SSH keys

Step 4: Update Kali VM

Step 5: Create a Snapshot/Copy the VM

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